Series 01 of 20 -- The Full Picture

Sri Lanka Has 20,866 Internet-Facing
Hosts on the Public Index

OSINT review of Sri Lanka's public internet index. 20,866 indexed results. No systems accessed. Here is what is visible in publicly accessible internet indexing data.

20,866 Internet-Facing
Hosts
1,422 Telnet
Servers
1,869 Self-Signed
Certs
218 SSLv3
(2015 Defunct)

The Numbers

A public internet index query for country:LK returned 20,866 indexed results as of August 26, 2026. Each result represents a host on a Sri Lankan IP with at least one port observed open at the time of indexing. Servers, routers, cameras, databases.

This is post one of twenty. Each subsequent post covers a specific category: government systems, open databases, exposed cameras, hospitals, banks. This one covers the aggregate.

Open Ports (Top 5)
country:LK · 20,866 total indexed devices · August 2026
Port 80 (HTTP)
9,134
Port 443 (HTTPS)
6,221
Port 22 (SSH)
2,551
Port 23 (Telnet)
1,422
Port 8080 (Alt-HTTP)
846
Plaintext HTTP (no encryption) HTTPS SSH Telnet (plaintext, deprecated)

Ports

Port 80 leads with 9,134 hosts exposing an HTTP service. Port 443 (HTTPS) follows at 6,221. An open port 80 establishes that HTTP is accessible. It does not rule out encryption elsewhere on the host, but plaintext HTTP exposure at this scale warrants attention.

Port 23 is the one that stands out. Telnet on 1,422 hosts. Telnet was replaced by SSH in the 1990s. It transmits credentials and session data in plaintext, making any observer on the network path capable of capturing them. Exposed Telnet services are a well-documented target for automated scanning across the public internet.

Telnet Credentials, commands, and data are transmitted as plaintext. An observer on the relevant network path may be able to capture transmitted credentials, commands, and data. 1,422 hosts. Fourth most common port in the country.

Geographic Spread

Device Distribution by City
Top 5 cities · country:LK
Colombo
18,209
Negombo
562
Kandy
483
Moratuwa
217
Dehiwala-ML
162

Colombo accounts for 18,209 of 20,866 results, or 87%. The rest of the country is largely absent from the index. Colombo is where the data centers, ISP infrastructure, and government ministries are concentrated.

Top Organizations by Device Count
Who owns the most internet-facing hosts in Sri Lanka
ISP Sri Lanka*
7,762
MTT Network
2,203
Dialog Telekom
1,911
LEARN (Edu)
1,745

* "Internet Service Provider in Sri Lanka" appears as two variants in the public index, combined total shown

What Is Running

Apache and nginx lead as expected. Third place is Hikvision IP cameras at 1,373 instances. Camera firmware is the third most common product on Sri Lanka's public internet. Hikvision devices have a well-documented history of critical CVEs and ship with default credentials that are widely published.

Top Products Running on Sri Lankan Hosts
Identified from public index banners
Apache httpd
2,402
nginx
1,714
Hikvision Cam
1,373
OpenSSH
1,263
Remedy AR Srv
983

TLS Versions

TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3 are current. Everything below is deprecated. SSLv3 was broken by the POODLE attack in 2014 and disabled by every major browser years ago.

SSL/TLS Version Distribution
Across all HTTPS-serving hosts in Sri Lanka
SSLv3
TLSv1
v1.1
TLSv1.2
TLSv1.3
SSLv3, Broken (POODLE 2014) 218
TLSv1, Deprecated 2018 2,004
TLSv1.1, Deprecated 2018 2,102
TLSv1.2, Acceptable 4,910
TLSv1.3, Current Standard 3,051

4,324 hosts are running deprecated TLS. SSLv3 and TLSv1 are deprecated protocols with known cryptographic weaknesses. Browsers have disabled support for these versions by default. The servers are still advertising them anyway.

Auto-Tags

The public index auto-tags hosts based on observed behavior. Three tags define the picture.

Auto-Tags Found on Sri Lankan Hosts
Tags applied automatically based on observed behavior
self-signed
1,869
eol-product
1,384
eol-os
98
open-dir
40
database
30

Self-signed (1,869): No trusted certificate authority. Encryption may still be in use, but without third-party identity validation, browsers cannot verify who they are talking to and will warn users accordingly. The servers stay up.

End-of-life product (1,384): Software the vendor stopped patching. Any vulnerability found today may remain unpatched without vendor support. 1,384 hosts in this state, internet-facing.

Open directories (40): Directory listing enabled. Anyone can browse the server's file index in a browser. This may expose files such as backups, configuration files, or other unintended content.

CVE Associations from Banner Data

The public index cross-references host banners against known CVEs. These associations are based on version and banner matching only and indicate potential exposure, not confirmed exploitability.

CVE Associations Identified from Banner/Version Data
Version/banner matching only - exploitability not confirmed
HTTP.sys Denial of Service
CVE-2015-1635 · Microsoft IIS · Remote crash with crafted request
11 hosts
HTTP.sys Remote Code Execution
CVE-2021-31166 · Microsoft IIS · Unauthenticated RCE
11 hosts
Heartbleed
CVE-2014-0160 · OpenSSL · Memory disclosure, leaks private keys
6 hosts
BlueKeep
CVE-2019-0708 · Windows RDP · Wormable, unauthenticated RCE
6 hosts
CVE-2022-32548
DrayTek routers · Remote code execution without authentication
5 hosts

Heartbleed was disclosed in 2014. It can read 64KB of server memory per request, with the potential to expose sensitive memory contents including cryptographic material. Six Sri Lankan hosts have a banner/version match for this CVE. BlueKeep (2019) is a critical unauthenticated RDP vulnerability. Six hosts match. A CVE association from banner data does not establish that the vulnerable code path is present or that exploitation would succeed.

Methodology Note: CVE Associations All CVE counts are matched from banner and version data only. No active probing was performed. A version match does not establish exploitability, affected configuration, or presence of the vulnerable code path on any specific host. These figures should be read as potential associations warranting investigation, not confirmed vulnerabilities.

Notable Findings

Government and critical services visible in the indexed results:

Government: Cabinet Office
Office of the Cabinet of Ministers: Outdated TLS Configuration
The official web portal of Sri Lanka's Cabinet of Ministers appeared in the public index with a TLS configuration that does not meet current standards. Deprecated protocol versions were observed, and no TLSv1.3 support was indicated. For a government portal that citizens interact with, this warrants review by the responsible IT team.
Government: Employees Provident Fund
EPF Portal: Deprecated TLS Support Observed
The Employees Provident Fund, which manages retirement savings for Sri Lankan workers, appeared in the public index with deprecated TLS protocol versions still enabled. TLSv1 and TLSv1.1 have been deprecated since 2018 and disabled by default in all major browsers since 2020. A financial data portal serving member accounts should be operating at current protocol standards.

Summary

20,866 devices. Legacy protocols. End-of-life software. CVE associations involving vulnerabilities dating back to 2014. Surveillance cameras as the third most common product on the public internet. This is all OSINT, collected in an afternoon. If this is visible to a researcher, it is visible to threat actors. The difference is threat actors are not writing about it.

The next 19 posts go deeper into each category: government portals, open databases, cameras, banks, hospitals, universities. The editorial rule for the entire series is: public data only, patterns not targets. No IP addresses, no hostnames, no information that functions as a reconnaissance aid.